Tobacco cannabis co-occurring use dual use mixed methods smoking. These findings highlight the profound influence these two substances have on young adult co-users' experiences and behaviors. Co-users may be at risk for polytobacco product use. Conclusions/importance: Co-users conceptualize tobacco and marijuana differently and hold different risk perceptions for each substance. Meta-inferences emerged from integration. Results: Tobacco and marijuana co-users have unique characteristics and experiences compared to single product users the experiences of co-users can offer unique insights on co-use. The original NHANES analysis occurred during October and November 2017, interviews took place during December 2017 and January 2018, and all mixed methods integration was conducted in 2018. Quantitative results and qualitative findings were integrated. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results from analyses of NHANES, prior literature, and theoretical constructs were used to develop a guide for 20 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with young adult co-users living in the state of Maryland. Quantitative analyses used 12 years of nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (2005-2016) to assess the characteristics and experiences of young adult (21-30) co-users. Methods: This study employed a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. Objectives: The primary goal of this study was to examine characteristics associated with co-use among young adults and to discover the ways experiences of co-users can help contextualize trends in co-use. Convergent Mixed Methods Design - One phase design where both quantitative and qualitative data collected and analyzed, then compared the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data to see if the data confirms or disconfirms each other. Studying tobacco and marijuana use together among young adults can provide important insight into patterns of initiation and continuation. Examples from diverse fields, such as sociology, psychology, education, management, marketing, social work, family studies, communication studies, leadership, family medicine, mental health, and nursing, augment the discussion of the steps in the design process and provide models for how to write up and report the results.Background: The co-occurring use of tobacco and marijuana among young adults is an important behavioral phenomenon within the field of substance use.A threaded activity asks readers to incorporate the ideas from the chapter into the development of a mixed methods study that is being actively designed.Convergent parallel design consists of taking qualitative and qualitative data collection and analysis and comparing or relating the two and then interpreting them. Each chapter concludes with a summary, further readings, and practical activities to make concrete the major points of the chapter. Three charts showing the basic mixed methods research designs: parallel design, explanatory sequential design, and exploratory sequential design.Each step in the design process unfolds within each chapter and is considered from the perspective of the different mixed methods designs.The book follows the process of conducting a study, including coverage of the initial assessment, the philosophical assumptions and theoretical stances that guide research, and the steps for developing an introduction, collecting and analyzing data, and writing the proposal and final report for a study.A new conclusion pulls together the key elements of the core designs to show readers the entire process of research from beginning to end.Enhanced emphasis on integration highlights the intent, procedures, representation, and interpretation of integration within each of the seven designs so readers understand how to design and implement integration within a mixed methods study.Seven articles, four new to this edition, provide multidisciplinary examples of quality mixed methods studies, and complex applications provide models to guide readers’ own planning as they apply the ideas to real studies.Ten advances in mixed methods research introduce new directions in mixed methods so students can understand the dynamics of the field and consider how their own work can use and contribute to cutting-edge practices.Advanced mixed methods designs explain four prominent applications (intervention trials, case studies, participatory-social justice designs, and program evaluations) to show the latest thinking about mixed methods designs and the complexity and decisions involved.A new Chapter 3 focuses on three core mixed methods designs ( the Convergent, the Explanatory Sequential, and the Exploratory Sequential designs) and their applications to illustrate the decisions involved with the most common uses of mixed methods research.
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